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What works is when you use it to explain something you already tried to understand on your own first, not as a replacement for that initial effort. If you read ChatGPT's explanation without having wrestled with the concept beforehand, your brain won't retain anything because it's missing the "hook" of the problem you were trying to solve. Better strategy: study the material, figure out what doesn't make sense to you, ask the AI from that specific point, and then try to explain it to yourself again. The person who really understands is the one who can explain it to someone else without copying the answer.
It depends on how you use it, because if you let it do all the mental work for you, you'll end up not understanding anything at all. The best approach is to use it as a starting point or to check if you've grasped something correctly, but then you need to do the work yourself with exercises, reading, or trying to explain what you learned in your own words.
It works pretty well if you use it as a sparring partner, not as a teacher. I've noticed myself that when I try to solve something first and then ask it to explain where I went wrong or to dive deeper into a specific part, the learning sticks way more than if I just ask "explain this to me from scratch". The trick is that ChatGPT can give you multiple angles on a difficult concept in seconds, which is insane for figuring out where you're getting stuck, but if you rely too much on that without doing the mental work beforehand, you end up not internalizing anything.
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