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The battery is the most expensive single component - check the capacity (Wh) and whether the manufacturer offers replacement batteries, otherwise you'll end up paying a lot for one later. It's also important that the motor and gearing match your riding routes: for hills you need more power, on flat terrain less is enough. Test ride the bike beforehand, because the seating position and how the motor feels are totally individual - not every model fits everyone.
Geometry and ergonomics are totally underrated! A lot of people buy an e-bike for the specs, but if you're not sitting on it right, you'll wreck your back. Try the thing out properly beforehand - not just around the block, but actually for half an hour or longer. Seat height, the handlebars, how close or far away they are... it's all individual, and you're already spending serious money on an e-bike! Don't buy online if you haven't touched it first.
And pay attention to whether the components are replaceable later. Not everything is standard stuff - some manufacturers use proprietary parts, and if something breaks, you're stuck. Drivetrain, brakes, grips - you should be able to swap those out if needed without having to go to a specialist! Battery capacity is obviously important too, but that's already been mentioned.
One thing a lot of people overlook: really check out the braking system. with an e-bike you actually need hydraulic disc brakes, not some cheap V-brake. the thing weighs more, goes faster, and if you hit a steep downhill you'll be glad you can brake properly. rim brakes just aren't safe enough here.
then there's real-world range - manufacturer specs are often optimistic. do a test ride, do your usual route and see how the battery holds up. if you've got lots of flat terrain you need less, but going uphill the battery drains faster than you'd think. and consider whether you need quick charging or if 6-8 hours is fine for you.
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