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There are several reasons, and most of them come down to guest comfort. The first one is that different people sleep differently: some like one thick pillow, others prefer two thin ones, some even prop themselves up at an angle. Two pillows let you find a comfortable position or even put one under your back for support. Plus, it's just about the aesthetics of the room - two pillows look neater and more upscale than one, even if the guest would be fine with just one.
The second reason is practical: pillows wear out, so if one's gotten flat or just turned out to be uncomfortable, there's a backup. You don't have to call the front desk asking them to bring another one; the guest can just try the second pillow themselves.
The third reason is psychological, honestly. The hotel wants to create an impression of abundance and attentiveness. When you see two fluffy pillows, it feels like the place is quality and hospitable. Same goes for all the other little things in the room - they all contribute to an overall sense of coziness and attention to detail.
It's a practical calculation for laundry and wear! Two pillows are insurance - that way one can always be sent to the laundry while the guest still has another one. Hotels constantly rotate their linens, and if you only put one pillow in a room, it ends up without one while it's being washed. So two pillows are just convenient logistics for the hotel and a guarantee that a guest will always have something to rest their head on.
Have you ever noticed that hotels do everything with the average guest in mind? Two pillows are just a universal compromise: one guest will take both under their head, another will put one under their back, a third will throw one on the floor altogether. Plus there's the psychological aspect - two pillows on the bed look more luxurious and cozy than one, even if the person ends up using just one. I agree about the laundry question, but that's more of a consequence than the reason: guest comfort comes first, and practicality for the hotel comes second.
Don't think it's some kind of mystery - hotels just know from experience that one guest will come with a bad back and want to put a pillow under their knees, another will arrive with a kid, and a third is simply used to sleeping on two pillows. Plus, one pillow almost always looks a bit bare and gives off a cheap vibe, while two creates the feeling of at least a decent level of comfort, if not luxury. But here's a life hack: if the pillow is too soft or, on the flip side, too firm, don't suffer - just fold both together or use the pillowcase from one as an extra support layer for the other. Often that solves the problem better than calling the front desk to ask.
Hotels use two pillows mainly for practical reasons - laundry and logistics efficiency. One pillow can always be quickly washed and put back into rotation while the guest sleeps on the second one, without having to wait for an entire set to dry. Plus, if you want to sleep really comfortably, you can always toss one pillow aside and position the other however you like. The main thing is, don't hesitate to call the front desk if the pillows don't suit you in terms of firmness - at decent hotels they'll happily swap them for firmer or softer ones, no problem at all.
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