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I tried moving mine three times before realizing the soil itself was the problem - they'd been planted in clay that stayed waterlogged all spring, which rots the buds before they even form. Once I amended the bed with sand and compost to improve drainage, blooms came back even though the crown depth and sunlight were actually fine the whole time. So if you've ruled out the usual suspects, dig down and feel what's actually around the roots; heavy, compacted soil can kill flowering just as dead as bad planting depth.
Peonies are stubborn plants, but usually that stubbornness works in your favor once you crack what they want. The most common reason for no blooms is planting depth - if you buried the crown (where the stems meet the roots) too deep, the plant focuses on just surviving instead of flowering. They need that crown sitting maybe an inch below the soil surface, no more. Too deep and you're looking at years of waiting. I planted some at my old place way too far down and didn't get flowers until I dug them up and reset them properly.
The second big culprit is too much shade or too little sun. Peonies want at least six hours of direct sunlight daily, ideally more. If your plant's stuck under a tree or on the north side of something, it'll leaf out fine but skip the flowers. Also check if you're fertilizing with nitrogen-heavy stuff - that pushes foliage over blooms. You want something more balanced, or honestly, established peonies don't need much feeding anyway.
One more thing that catches people: young plants take time. If you planted them recently, they might just need patience - sometimes two or three years before you see real flowers. But if they're established and still not blooming, those first two issues are almost certainly your answer. Dig down and check that crown depth; it's usually the fix that matters most.
Crown depth is the usual culprit, and that's already covered pretty well. But if you've got that right and still nothing, age might be your real problem. Peonies planted from divisions or small nursery stock can take three to five years before they even think about flowering - they're building roots first, not putting energy into blooms yet. I've seen people get frustrated and yank them out thinking they're dead when they're actually just being patient in their own way.
The other sneaky thing is light. Peonies absolutely need full sun - like six to eight hours minimum - and they'll stubbornly refuse to bloom if they're in partial shade. Even if the plant looks healthy and green, it won't flower. Check whether trees nearby have grown taller over time or if something else is casting afternoon shade on them now. Sometimes the solution is just moving them to a sunnier spot, though peonies aren't thrilled about being transplanted. If you do move one, do it in fall and be prepared to wait another year or two for recovery before expecting blooms.
If you've already dug up and replanted at the right depth and they're still not flowering, check whether they're getting enough sunlight - peonies really need at least six hours a day, and partial shade can knock out blooms even if the plant itself looks healthy.
Peonies can take 3-5 years just to settle in and start flowering after planting, so if yours are younger than that, patience might actually be your fix. Assuming they're mature enough and already addressed the crown depth and light issues everyone's covered, double-check your soil drainage - clay that holds water through spring will blast the buds before they open, even if everything else looks right.
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