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The first thing is to claim your business in Google My Business (now called Google Business Profile) - if a listing already exists, claim it; if not, create one from scratch. Fill in all the information: exact address, phone number, hours, quality photos, and you can add your website right there. Keep your data updated and respond to customer reviews, because Google gives more visibility to businesses that interact with customers. That's the basics and it works.
What nobody mentions is that Google takes a variable amount of time to verify your business, so don't freak out if you don't show up the next day - sometimes it's weeks. While you're waiting for verification, make sure your website (if you have one) is mobile-optimized and that it mentions your address and phone number in plain text, not just in images; that helps the algorithm connect the dots. Another thing: if your business is brand new or it's in an area that's poorly mapped, you might need to get customers to leave reviews or photos first so Google "understands" that you actually exist in that location.
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