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5G uses extremely high-frequency radio waves that transmit through the air just like radio or wifi, without needing physical cables - transmitting antennas send the signal and your phone receives it with a tiny built-in antenna.
Basically it works the same way your phone picks up wifi or your car radio - the transmitter antennas send invisible waves through the air and your phone receives and decodes them. Where I live, 5G coverage came not long ago and the difference in speed is noticeable, especially when I'm outside taking photos and need to upload the images quickly to the cloud.
Ever wonder why your wifi works without cables but is still called "wireless"? Well, 5G is basically the same thing, just way faster and with higher frequencies - the antennas on the towers send invisible electromagnetic waves through the air, and your phone picks them up and converts them into data it understands. Something interesting happened at my place: when I turned on 5G on my phone, I noticed the speed was insane compared to 4G, but also that thick walls affected the signal more than before, because these higher frequencies bounce off obstacles less.
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