First, check the simplest things that often turn out to be the problem. Make sure the indoor unit isn't dirty - the filter might be clogged with dust and lint, which blocks air circulation. Clean or replace the filter if you haven't done that in a while. Also check whether the ventilation louvers on the indoor unit are closed or clogged with debris. Verify that the air conditioner is set to the correct cooling mode - sometimes people accidentally switch it to fan mode and then just sit around waiting for results.
If the filter's fine, go out to the balcony and look at the outdoor unit. Dust, poplar fluff, and dried dirt from rain often build up there - it really interferes with heat exchange and makes the air conditioner run uselessly. Try carefully vacuuming it from the outside or rinsing off the dirt (but be careful not to damage the copper tubing). Also check if anything's blocking the airflow to the outdoor unit - sometimes people put flower pots or other stuff nearby.
If that doesn't help - yeah, you probably need a technician. A refrigerant problem or compressor failure isn't something you can fix yourself. But honestly, cleaning solves the problem half the time. I'd recommend not putting off calling a specialist, because if there's a refrigerant leak in the system, running it further could make things worse.