Best practice for running electrical wiring through walls during renovation?

This is less about a single "best practice" and more about following your local electrical code, which varies by region - so your first step should be checking what your area actually requires rather than trusting generic advice. That said, the basics most places agree on: use conduit or appropriate cable rated for walls, keep wiring away from plumbing and heat sources, drill holes through studs at least 1.25 inches from the face (or use nail plates to protect), and never run wiring diagonally through studs without protection. If you're unsure at any point, getting an electrician to at least review your plan is cheaper than dealing with a fire hazard or failed inspection later.