It's not as straightforward as it sounds. The reality is it depends on a lot of factors, starting with whether you have a valid passport or some other document that works. Portugal is within the Schengen area, so technically border controls are more relaxed than they were years ago, but that doesn't mean you can cross without valid documentation. An expired ID officially won't work, that much is clear, but the thing is that border police are often more flexible than you'd expect, especially if they see you're in the process of renewing. That said, it's a risk I wouldn't take myself.
What I'd recommend is calling the police station where you booked the appointment directly and explaining the situation. Sometimes they'll give you an emergency appointment if you give them context, or in the worst case they'll give you a temporary receipt that does work for travel. If you can't get anything like that, get your passport if you have one, even if it expired not that long ago - with an expired passport the controls are way more lenient than with an ID. And if you don't have a valid passport, honestly, postpone the trip. It's not worth spending the whole week in Lisbon stressed out about being turned back at the border. There are plenty of weekends coming up.