Your first move should be generating proxy files before you even start editing. This cuts down what Resolve actually has to process in real time. The other answer nailed the codec issue, but it's not just about editing full res - it's that you're probably mixing codecs or working with footage that's heavily compressed (like phone video), which tanks performance even worse than standard 4K.
16GB of RAM isn't really enough headroom for smooth 4K work, especially with effects or color grading layered in. You're hitting a ceiling pretty fast. Beyond proxies, check your timeline resolution settings - you don't need to work at full 4K if you're just cutting and basic color. Set your timeline to half resolution or quarter resolution while editing, then switch back to full for export. Also make sure your GPU is actually being used. Go into preferences and confirm your graphics card is enabled for CUDA or OpenGL depending on what you've got. Some setups default to CPU processing, which'll choke immediately on 4K.
The freezing after a few minutes suggests your system's running out of usable memory and Resolve's cache is getting bottlenecked. Try lowering your playback quality to 1/4 resolution while you're cutting, and disable any heavy effects until you're ready to do final work. Save frequently too - Resolve can get unstable when it's struggling, and losing work sucks.