It's mostly about immediate reward and anticipation. With 15 seconds you know the punchline's coming fast, like in the first 3-5 seconds usually, so your brain stays hooked in "wait wait this is gonna be good" mode. And here's the weird part - even if it's not funny, you've already hit refresh before you've actually finished processing what you saw - it's automatic, almost Pavlovian. On YouTube you have to commit 5 minutes of focused attention so you're asking way more from your brain, it's like "nah thanks, too much effort" and you bounce.
What people often forget is there's also a UI design layer to it. TikTok's vertical swipe is ultra smooth, zero friction, whereas a YouTube click or scroll is already psychologically "heavier". Plus the algorithm that serves you a similar video right after creates this feeling that you didn't really finish - it's almost like you're watching clips in one continuous stream. So yeah you end up replaying the same video not because it's super funny but because the format + the interface + the algorithm make it literally easier to keep going than to stop.