The good news is that since your phone stays connected fine, you're probably not looking at a router failure. But I'd actually check one thing before going down the driver rabbit hole - pull up your laptop's Wi-Fi adapter settings and see what frequency band it's locked to. If it's stuck on 5GHz and your router's signal is spotty at that frequency in your space, you'll get exactly this behavior. Your phone might just be smarter about dropping back to 2.4GHz when needed. Try forcing it to auto-select bands and see if the problem clears up over a day or two 📶
If that doesn't help, the power management angle is worth exploring too. Windows can definitely throttle Wi-Fi adapters aggressively, but there's a specific setting that's more likely culprit than general sleep modes - check your adapter's advanced properties and look for anything about "roaming aggressiveness" or "transmit power". Some laptops also have a BIOS setting for Wi-Fi power saving that's separate from Windows. A 2-year-old TP-Link shouldn't be dropping clients randomly, so this is almost always a device-side thing.
One more thing worth trying: in Device Manager, find your network adapter and disable "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power" in the Power Management tab. That's the specific setting that causes reconnect delays like you're describing. Restart after changing it and monitor for a few days. If none of this works then yeah, driver update becomes the next logical step, but I'd rule out these settings first since they're quicker to test 🔧